RADIO COMMUNICATION USING TUNABLE ANTENNAS AND ANTENNA TUNING APPARATUS

专利摘要:
The invention relates to a method for radio communication using one or more tunable antennas and an antenna tuning apparatus, and an apparatus for radio communication using one or more tunable antennas and an antenna tuning apparatus. An apparatus for radio communication according to the invention comprises: 4 antennas (11) (12) (13) (14), the 4 antennas forming an antenna array (1), each of the antennas being a tunable passive antenna; a radio device (5); an antenna tuning apparatus (3) having 4 antenna ports (311) (321) (331) (341), each of the antenna ports being coupled to one of the antennas through an antenna link (21) (22); ) (23) (24), the antenna tuning apparatus having 4 radio accesses (312) (322) (332) (342), each of the radio ports being coupled to the radio device (5) through an interconnection (41) (42) (43) (44); a tuning control unit (7), the tuning control unit receiving a tuning instruction generated automatically inside the radio communication apparatus, the tuning control unit delivering a plurality tuning control signals to the antenna tuner and the tunable passive antennas.
公开号:FR3018973A1
申请号:FR1400666
申请日:2014-03-20
公开日:2015-09-25
发明作者:Frederic Broyde；Evelyne Clavelier
申请人:Tekcem SAS；
IPC主号:

专利说明:

[0001] TECHNICAL FIELD OF THE INVENTION The invention relates to a method for radio communication using one or more tunable antennas and an antenna tuning apparatus. The invention also relates to an apparatus for radio communication using one or more tunable antennas and an antenna tuning apparatus. The radio signals received or transmitted can carry information of any kind, for example signals for the transmission of voice and / or images (television) and / or data. Radio signals received or transmitted may be used for any procedure, for example for broadcasting, for two-way point-to-point radiocommunications or for radiocommunications in a cellular network. STATE OF THE PRIOR ART The impedance presented by an antenna depends on the frequency and the electromagnetic characteristics of the volume surrounding the antenna. In particular, if the antenna is made in a portable transceiver, for example a mobile phone, the body of the user has an effect on the impedance presented by the antenna, and this impedance depends on the position of the body of the user. This is called "user interaction" ("user interaction"), or "hand effect" (in English: "hand effect") or "finger effect" (in English: "finger effect"). An antenna tuning apparatus ("antenna tuning apparatus" or "antenna tuner") is a passive apparatus intended to be inserted between a radio device, for example a radio transmitter or a radio receiver, and its antenna for to obtain that the impedance seen by the radio device is close to a desired value. FIG. 1 shows the block diagram of a typical use of such an antenna tuning apparatus (31) for tuning a single antenna (11), the antenna operating (or being used) in a given frequency band . The antenna tuning apparatus (31) comprises: an antenna access (311), the antenna access being coupled to the antenna (11) through an antenna link (21) also called "feeder", the antenna access (311) seeing, at a frequency in said given frequency band, an impedance called the impedance seen by the antenna access; a radio access (312), the radio access being coupled to the radio device (5) through an interconnection (41), the radio access (312) having, at said frequency in said given frequency band, an impedance called impedance presented by radio access; one or more adjustable impedance devices, each of the adjustable impedance devices having a reactance at said frequency in said given frequency band, the reactance of any of the adjustable impedance devices being adjustable and having an influence on the impedance presented by radio access.
[0002] The radio device (5) is an active radio communication equipment such as a transmitter, a receiver or a transceiver. The antenna link (21) may for example be a coaxial cable. In some cases, when the antenna tuning apparatus (31) is placed near the antenna (11), the antenna link (21) is not present. The interconnection (41) may for example be a coaxial cable. In some cases, when the antenna tuning apparatus (31) is placed near the radio device (5), the interconnection (41) is not present. An antenna tuning apparatus behaves, at any frequency in said given frequency band, with respect to the antenna access and radio access, substantially like a passive 2-port linear circuit. Here, "passive" is used in the sense of circuit theory, so that the antenna tuner does not provide amplification.In practice, the losses are undesirable for the signals applied to the access. antenna or radio access of an antenna tuning apparatus, in the given frequency band, thus an ideal antenna tuning apparatus is lossless for the signals applied to its antenna access or Figure 2 shows a diagram of an antenna tuning apparatus (31) which could be used as shown in Figure 1 to tune a single antenna, the antenna being The antenna tuning apparatus shown in FIG. 2 comprises: an antenna access (311) having two terminals (3111) (3112), the antenna access being asymmetric (in English: single-ended); 25 a radio access (312) having two terminals (3121) (3122), the radio access being ymetric; an adjustable impedance device (313) having a negative reactance and being coupled in parallel with the antenna access; a coil (315); an adjustable impedance device (314) having a negative reactance and being coupled in parallel with the radio access. An antenna tuning apparatus of the type shown in FIG. 2 is for example used in the article by F. Chan Wai Po, E. de Foucault, D. Morche, P. Vincent and E. Kerhervé entitled "A Nove "Method for Synthesizing an Automatic Matching Network and Its Control Unit", published in IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems - Regular Papers, Vol. 58, No. 9, pp. 2225-2236 in September 2011. The article by Q. Gu, JR De Luis, AS Morris, and J. Hilbert entitled "An Analytical Algorithm for Pi-Network Impedance Tuners", published in IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems - Regular Papers , flight. 58, No. 12, pp. 2894-2905 in December 2011, and the article by KR Boyle, E. Spits, Jongh MA, S. Sato, T. Bakker and A. van Bezooij titled "Self-Contained Adaptive Antenna Tuner for Mobile Phones", published in Proceedings of the European Conference on Antenna and Propagation (EUCAP), pp. 18041808 in March 2012, consider an antenna tuning apparatus of a type similar to that shown in FIG. 2, the main difference being that the coil (315) of FIG. 2 is replaced by an adjustable impedance device , the adjustable impedance device being a variable inductor or an inductor connected in parallel with a variable capacitor. An antenna tuning apparatus may be used to compensate for a variation in the impedance seen by the antenna access, caused by a variation in the frequency of use, and / or to compensate for user interaction. The impedance matrix presented by a multiple access antenna array depends on the frequency and electromagnetic characteristics of the volume surrounding the antennas. In particular, if the multiple access antenna array is made in a portable transceiver simultaneously using multiple antennas for MIMO communication, for example a user equipment (in English: "user equipment" or "UE") d In a LTE radio network, the impedance matrix presented by the multiple access antenna array is affected by the user interaction. Another antenna tuning apparatus, which may be referred to as a "multiple antenna access antenna and multiple radio access tuner", is a passive apparatus for insertion between a radio device simultaneously using multiple antennas in a frequency band, for example a radio transmitter or a radio receiver for MIMO communication, and said multiple antennas, to obtain that the impedance matrix seen by the radio device is close to a desired value. FIG. 3 shows a block diagram of a typical use of such an antenna tuning apparatus (3) for simultaneously tuning 4 antennas (11) (12) (13) (14), the 4 antennas operating in a given frequency band, the 4 antennas forming an antenna array (1). In FIG. 3, the antenna tuning apparatus (3) comprises: n = 4 antenna access (311) (321) (331) (341), each of the antenna ports being coupled to one of the antennas (11) (12) (13) (14) through an antenna link (21) (22) (23) (24) also called "feeder", the light antenna accesses, at a frequency in said given frequency band, a impedance matrix called the matrix 30 impedance seen by the antenna access; m = 4 radio access (312) (322) (332) (342), each radio access being coupled to the radio device (5) through an interconnection (41) (42) (43) (44), the radio accesses presenting, at said frequency in said given frequency band, an impedance matrix called the impedance matrix presented by the radio accesses; 35 p devices with adjustable impedance, where p is an integer typically greater than or equal to m, each of the adjustable impedance devices having a reactance at said frequency in said given frequency band, the reactance of any of the adjustable impedance devices being adjustable and having influence on the matrix impedance presented by the radio accesses. An antenna tuning apparatus with multiple antenna access and multiple radio access behaves at any frequency in the given frequency band with respect to the n antenna access and the radio access, substantially like a n + passive linear circuit. m access. Here, "passive" is again used in the sense of circuit theory, so that the antenna tuning apparatus with multiple antenna access and multiple radio access does not provide amplification. losses are expected for signals applied to the antenna access or radio access of a multiple antenna access antenna and multiple radio access device in the given frequency band, such as an antenna tuner 10 multiple antenna access and multiple radio access is lossless for signals applied to its antenna access or radio access in the given frequency band Figure 4 shows a diagram of an antenna tuner (3) which could be used as shown in Fig. 3 to match 4 antennas, the antennas being used in a given frequency band The antenna tuning apparatus shown in Fig. 4 comprises: n = 4 accesses antenna (311) (321) (3) 31) (341), each of the antenna ports being asymmetrical; m = 4 radio access (312) (322) (332) (342), each of the radio access being asymmetrical; n adjustable impedance devices (301) each having a negative reactance and each being coupled in parallel with one of the antenna ports; n (n-1) / 2 controllable impedance devices (302) each having a negative reactance and each having a first terminal coupled to one of the antenna ports and a second terminal coupled to one of the antenna ports which is different from the antenna port to which the first terminal is coupled; N = m windings (303) each having a first terminal coupled to one of the antenna ports and a second terminal coupled to one of the radio ports; m adjustable impedance devices (304) each having a negative reactance and being each coupled in parallel with one of the radio ports; m (m-1) / 2 controllable impedance devices (305) each having a negative reactance and each having a first terminal coupled to one of the radio ports and a second terminal coupled to one of the radio ports which is different from the access radio to which the first terminal is coupled. An antenna tuning apparatus with multiple antenna access and multiple radio access of the type shown in FIG. 4 is disclosed in the French patent application number 12/02542 35 entitled "Antenna Tuning Apparatus for a Network". multiple access antennas ", and in the corresponding international application, number PCT / IB2013 / 058423 entitled" Antenna tuning apparatus for a multiport antenna array ". An antenna tuning apparatus with multiple antenna access and multiple radio access can be used to compensate for a variation of the impedance matrix seen by the antenna access, caused by a variation in the frequency of use, and / or to compensate for the user interaction. An antenna tuning apparatus may be such that the value of the reactance of any of its adjustable impedance devices is set manually. This type of manual tuning requires a competent operator, and is for example implemented to adjust some antenna tuning devices for amateur radio, having a single antenna access and a single radio access as shown in FIGS. 2. An antenna tuning apparatus may be such that the reactance of each of its adjustable impedance devices is electrically adjustable. Such an antenna tuning apparatus may be such that the value of the reactance of any of its adjustable impedance devices is automatically or adaptively adjusted. In this case, if the antenna tuning apparatus and the circuits providing automatic or adaptive adjustment of its adjustable impedance devices form a single device, this device may be referred to as an "automatic antenna tuner" or "adaptive antenna tuning apparatus" (in English: "automatic antenna tuning apparatus" or "automatic antenna tuner" or "adaptive antenna tuner"). Automatic antenna tuning has been applied for a long time to an antenna tuning apparatus having a single antenna access and a single radio access, as shown in United States Patent No. 2,745,067 entitled "Automatic Impedance Matching Apparatus ", and in United States Patent No. 4,493,112 entitled" Antenna Tuner Discriminator ". Automatic antenna tuning applied to an antenna tuning apparatus having a single antenna access and a single radio access is also the subject of current research activities, a part of which is for example described in the said articles entitled "A Novel Method for Synthesizing an Automatic Matching Network and Its Control Unit", "An Analytical Algorithm for Pi-Network Impedance Tuners", and "A Self-Contained Adaptive Antenna Tuner for Mobile Phones". Automatic antenna tuning has recently been applied to a multiple antenna access antenna and multiple radio access tuner apparatus, as shown in US Patent No. 8,059,058 entitled "Antenna system and method for operating an antenna system ", in the French patent application number 12/02564 entitled" Method and device for radio reception using an antenna tuning apparatus and a plurality of antennas "corresponding to the international application number PCT / IB2013 / 058574 entitled "Method and device for radio reception using an antenna tuning apparatus and a plurality of antennas", and in the French patent application number 13/00878 entitled "Method and apparatus for automatically tuning an impedance matrix, and radio transmitter using this apparatus "corresponding to the international application number PCT / 1B2014 / 058933 entitled" Method and apparatus for automatically tuning an impedance matrix, and radio transmitter using this apparatus ".
[0003] However, a significant limitation of the state of the art relating to antenna tuning (manual or automatic) using an antenna tuning apparatus is that an antenna tuning apparatus does not reduce any mismatch between an antenna and the antenna link to which it is connected. The specialist understands that this situation implies that strong reflections may be present at both ends of the antenna link, even when the antenna tuning apparatus is properly tuned. The specialist understands that such reflections cause losses in the antenna link, which degrade the performance of a radio system using the antenna and the antenna link. In the case of a radio device using a single antenna, the known solutions to this problem are: eliminate the antenna link; use an antenna link with low losses; or replace the antenna and the antenna tuner with a tunable passive antenna. In the case of a radio device simultaneously using multiple antennas in a frequency band, none of these solutions is satisfactory. For example, eliminating antenna links is not possible because the antennas are distant from each other, so that an antenna tuner can not be close to each of the antennas. For example, antenna links with low losses are expensive when using low loss dielectrics, and / or require too much space for most current applications. For example, tunable passive antennas can not be used to completely control the impedance matrix they have, to obtain that the impedance matrix seen by a radio device is close to an arbitrary desired matrix. In particular, when the interactions between the tunable passive antennas are not negligible, the impedance matrix presented by a tunable passive antenna array is not diagonal. Thus, the tunable passive antennas can not be used either to obtain a desired diagonal impedance matrix or to fully compensate the user interaction. In particular, the specialist understands that in the case of a mobile phone, none of the known solutions is satisfactory because a small footprint and a low cost are required, and because the interactions between antennas are inevitable. PRESENTATION OF THE INVENTION The subject of the invention is a method for radio communication and an apparatus for radio communication using a multiple antenna access and multiple radio access antenna tuning apparatus, without the aforementioned limitations of the above techniques. known. The method according to the invention is a method for radio communication with several antennas in a given frequency band, the method using a radio communication apparatus including n antennas, where n is an integer greater than or equal to 2, the method comprising the following steps: controlling one or more characteristics of at least one of the antennas, using at least one antenna control device, said at least one antenna control device being a part of said at least one antenna, said antenna at least one antenna control device having at least one parameter having an influence on said one or more characteristics, said at least one parameter being adjustable by electrical means; coupling said n antennas, directly or indirectly, to an antenna tuning apparatus having n antenna access, m radio access andp devices with adjustable impedance, where m is an integer greater than or equal to 2 and wherep is a higher integer or equal to 2m, the adjustable impedance devices being referred to as the "adjustable impedance devices of the antenna tuning apparatus" and being such that, at a frequency in said given frequency band, each of the adjustable impedance devices the antenna tuning apparatus has a reactance, the reactance of any of the adjustable impedance devices of the antenna tuning apparatus being electrically adjustable; generating a "tuning instruction", the tuning instruction having an effect on each of said parameters, the tuning instruction having an effect on the reactance of each of the tunable impedance devices of the tuning apparatus antenna. In the preceding sentence, "each of said parameters" clearly means "each says at least one parameter of each says at least one antenna control device of each said at least one of the antennas". In this sentence, "having an influence" and "having an effect" have the same meaning. Each of the n antennas has an access, called "antenna signal access", having two terminals, which can be used to receive and / or emit electromagnetic waves. Each of said at least one of the antennas comprises at least one antenna control device, which may include one or more other terminals used for other electrical connections. It is assumed that each of said n antennas behaves, at any frequency in the given frequency band, with respect to the signal access of the antenna, substantially as a passive antenna, that is to say as an antenna which is linear and which does not use an amplifier to amplify signals received by the antenna or emitted by the antenna. As a consequence of the linearity, it is possible to define an impedance matrix presented by the antennas, whose definition considers, for each of the antennas, only the signal access of the antenna. This matrix is therefore a square matrix of order n. Because of the interactions between the antennas, this matrix is not necessarily diagonal. In particular, the invention may be such that this matrix is not a diagonal matrix. Each of said one or more characteristics may for example be an electrical characteristic such as an impedance at a specified frequency, or an electromagnetic characteristic such as a directivity pattern at a specified frequency. Each of said at least one of the antennas comprises at least one antenna control device having at least one parameter having an effect on one or more characteristics of said each of said at least one of the antennas, said at least one parameter being adjustable by electric way. Thus, the specialist understands that each of said at least one of the antennas is a tunable passive antenna. A tunable passive antenna 5 can also be called "reconfigurable antenna" (in English: "reconfigurable antenna"). Some authors consider three classes of tunable passive antenna: the polarization agile antennas (antennas), the reconfigurable antennas (antennas) and the frequency agile antennas Frequency-agile antennas The state-of-the-art for frequency-agile antennas is described, for example, in the article by A. Petosa titled "An Overview of Tuning Techniques for Frequency-Agile Antennas". , published in IEEE Antennas and Propagation Magazine, Volume 54, No. 5, in October 2012. Each of the so-called n antennas can be coupled, directly or indirectly, to one and only one of the antenna accesses of the tuner device. In particular, for each of the so-called n antennas, the signal access of the antenna can be coupled, directly or indirectly, to one and only one of the antenna ports of the antenna tuner. example, indirect coupling can be a coupling through an antenna link and / or through a directional coupler. The antenna control devices and the antenna tuning apparatus are used to tune the so-called n antennas. The tuning instruction may include any type of electrical signal and / or any combination of such electrical signals. The tuning instruction can be generated automatically inside the radio communication device. An apparatus implementing the method according to the invention is an apparatus for radio communication using several antennas in a given frequency band, the apparatus for radio communication comprising: n antennas, where n is an integer greater than or equal to 2, at least one tunable passive antenna being among the n antennas, said at least one tunable passive antenna comprising at least one antenna control device, one or more characteristics of said at least one tunable passive antenna being controlled using said at least one an antenna control device, said at least one antenna control device having at least one parameter having an influence on said one or more characteristics, said at least one parameter being adjustable by electrical means; an antenna tuning apparatus having an antenna access, a radio access and an adjustable impedance device, where m is an integer greater than or equal to 2 and where p is an integer greater than or equal to 2 m, the p devices adjustable impedance being referred to as the "adjustable impedance devices of the antenna tuning apparatus" and being such that, at a frequency in said given frequency band, each of the adjustable impedance devices of the tuner apparatus antenna has a reactance, the reactance of any of the adjustable impedance devices of the antenna tuning apparatus being electrically adjustable; a processing unit, the processing unit delivering a "tuning instruction"; a tuning control unit, the tuning control unit receiving the tuning instruction, the tuning control unit delivering a plurality of "tuning control signals", the tuning control signals according to the tuning instruction, the reactance of each of the tunable impedance devices of the antenna tuning apparatus being mainly determined by one or more tuning control signals, each of said parameters being primarily determined by one or more of the tuning control signals. In the preceding sentence, "each of said parameters" clearly means "each says at least one parameter of each says at least one antenna control device of each said at least one tunable passive antenna". In this sentence, "having an influence" has the same meaning as "having an effect". The radio accesses have, at said frequency in said given frequency band, an impedance matrix called "the impedance matrix presented by the radio accesses", and the antenna accesses see, at said frequency in said given frequency band, an impedance matrix. called "the impedance matrix seen by the antenna access". It is assumed that said antenna tuning apparatus behaves, at any frequency in said given frequency band, with respect to its antenna access and radio access, substantially as a passive linear device (where "passive" is used in the sense of circuit theory.) More precisely, said antenna tuning apparatus behaves, at any frequency in the given frequency band, with respect to the n antenna accesses and the access ports. As a consequence of the linearity, it is possible to define the impedance matrix presented by the radio accesses.As a consequence of the passivity, the antenna tuning device A controllable impedance device is a component comprising two terminals which substantially behave as a passive linear bipole, and which are therefore fully characterized. by an impedance that can depend on the frequency, this impedance being adjustable. An adjustable impedance device may be adjustable by mechanical means, for example a variable resistor, a variable capacitor, an array having a plurality of capacitors, and one or more switches or switches used to make different capacitors in the array contribute to the reactance, a variable inductance, a network comprising a plurality of inductances and one or more switches or switches used to make different network inductances contribute to the reactance, or an array comprising a plurality of open or short-circuit transmission line sections (In English: "stubs") and one or more switches or switches used to contribute different sections of transmission line of the network to the reactance. We note that all the examples in this list, except the variable resistor, are intended to produce an adjustable reactance.
[0004] An adjustable impedance device having an electrically adjustable reactance may be such as to provide only at said frequency in said given frequency band a finite set of reactance values, this characteristic being for example obtained if the impedance device adjustable is: - a network comprising a plurality of capacitors or sections of transmission line in open circuit and one or more switches or switches electrically controlled, such as electromechanical relays, or micro-electromechanical switches (in English: "MEMS switches" ), or PIN diodes or insulated gate field effect transistors (MOSFETs), used to make different capacitors or different sections of the open circuit transmission line of the network contribute to the reactance; or a network comprising a plurality of short-circuited transmission line coils or sections and one or more electrically controlled switches or switches used to make different coils or different short-circuit transmission line sections of the network contribute to the reactance. An adjustable impedance device having an electrically adjustable reactance may be such as to provide, at said frequency in said given frequency band, a continuous set of reactance values, this characteristic being for example obtained if the adjustable impedance device is based on the use of a variable capacity diode; or a variable capacity MOS component (in English: "MOS varactor"); or a microelectromechanical component with variable capacity (in English: "MEMS varactor"); or a ferroelectric component with variable capacity (in English: "ferroelectric varactor"). The antenna tuning apparatus may be such that the reactance of any of the tunable impedance devices of the antenna tuning apparatus has, at said frequency in said given frequency band, whether the matrix The impedance seen by the antenna access is equal to a given diagonal impedance matrix, an influence on the impedance matrix presented by the radio accesses. This must be interpreted as meaning: the antenna tuning apparatus may be such that, at said frequency in said given frequency band, there exists a diagonal impedance matrix called the given diagonal impedance matrix, the given diagonal impedance matrix being such that, if the impedance matrix seen by the antenna access is equal to the given diagonal impedance matrix, then the reactance of any of the adjustable impedance devices of the antenna tuner has an influence on the matrix impedance presented by radio access. As explained in the article by A. Petosa, many types of antenna control devices can be used to control one or more characteristics of any of the tunable passive antennas. A suitable antenna control device may for example be: an electrically controlled switch or switch, in which case a parameter of the antenna control device having an influence on one or more characteristics of the tunable passive antenna may be status of the switch or switch; an adjustable impedance device, in which case a parameter of the antenna control device having an influence on one or more characteristics of the tunable passive antenna may be the reactance or impedance, at a specified frequency, of the impedance device adjustable; or an actuator disposed to produce a mechanical deformation of the tunable passive antenna, in which case a parameter of the antenna control device having an influence on one or more characteristics of the tunable passive antenna may be a length of the deformation . If an antenna control device is an electrically controlled switch or switch, it may for example be an electromechanical relay, or a micro-electromechanical switch (in English: "MEMS switch"), or a circuit using one or more diodes. PIN or one or more insulated gate field effect transistors (MOSFETs) as switching devices. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS Other advantages and features will emerge more clearly from the following description of particular embodiments of the invention, given by way of nonlimiting examples, and represented in the accompanying drawings, in which: FIG. 1 is a block diagram of a typical use of an antenna tuning apparatus for tuning a single antenna, and has already been discussed in the prior art discussion section; FIG. 2 shows a diagram of an antenna tuning apparatus which could be used as shown in FIG. 1 to tune a single antenna, and has already been commented on in the section devoted to the presentation of the state of the antenna. the technique ; Fig. 3 is a block diagram of a typical use of an antenna tuner for simultaneously tuning 4 antennas, and has already been commented on in the prior art discussion; FIG. 4 shows a diagram of an antenna tuning apparatus which could be used as shown in FIG. 3 for simultaneously tuning 4 antennas, and has already been commented on in the section devoted to the presentation of the state of the antenna. the technique; FIG. 5 represents a block diagram of a radio communication transceiver according to the invention, which uses 4 simultaneously tunable passive antennas; FIG. 6 represents a first tuneable passive antenna, which comprises a single antenna control device; FIG. 7 represents a second tunable passive antenna, which comprises three antenna control devices; FIG. 8 represents a third tunable passive antenna, which comprises four antenna control devices; FIG. 9 represents a fourth tunable passive antenna, which comprises a single antenna control device; FIG. 10 represents a block diagram of a transceiver for radio communication according to the invention, which uses 4 simultaneously tunable passive antennas. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF CERTAIN EMBODIMENTS First embodiment. According to a first embodiment of an apparatus according to the invention, given by way of non-limiting example, we have shown in FIG. 5 the block diagram of a portable device for radio communication, the apparatus for radio communication being a transceiver comprising: n = 4 antennas (11) (12) (13) (14), the n antennas operating simultaneously in a given frequency band, the n antennas forming an antenna array (1) each of the antennas being a tunable passive antenna having at least one antenna control device, one or more characteristics of said tunable passive antenna being controlled using said at least one antenna control device, said at least one radio control device being antenna control having at least one parameter having an effect on said one or more characteristics, said at least one parameter being adjustable by electrical means; a radio device (5) which consists of all parts of the radio communication apparatus not shown elsewhere in Figure 5; an antenna tuning apparatus (3), the antenna tuning apparatus being an antenna tuning apparatus having multiple antenna access and multiple radio access, the antenna tuning apparatus comprising = 4 antenna access (311) (321) (331) (341), each of the antenna ports being coupled to one of the antennas through an antenna link (21) (22) (23) (24), the apparatus antenna tuner having m = 4 radio accesses (312) (322) (332) (342), each of the radio ports being coupled to the radio device (5) through an interconnection (41) (42) (43) (44), the antenna tuning apparatus having adjustable impedance devices, where p is an integer greater than or equal to 2m, the adjustable impedance devices being referred to as "adjustable impedance devices of the apparatus of "Antenna tuning" and being such that, at a frequency in said given frequency band, each of the adjustable impedance devices of the antenna tuner apparatus has a reactance, the the reactance of any of the adjustable impedance devices of the antenna tuning apparatus being electrically adjustable; a tuning control unit (7), the tuning control unit receiving a "tuning instruction" automatically generated inside the radio communication apparatus, the tuning control unit outputting a plurality of "tuning control signals" to the tuning apparatus and the tunable passive antennas, the tuning control signals being determined according to the tuning instruction, the reactance of each adjustable impedance devices of the antenna tuning apparatus being mainly determined by one or more of the tuning control signals, each of said parameters being primarily determined by one or more of the tuning control signals. The tuning instruction is repeatedly generated by the radio device (5). For example, the tuning instruction can be generated periodically, for example every 10 milliseconds. The tuning instruction is such that, at the operating frequency, the values of each of said parameters reduce the mismatch between each antenna and the antenna link to which it is coupled. The tuning instruction is also such that, at the operating frequency, the impedance matrix presented by the radio accesses is close to a specified matrix. The tuning instruction is a function of one or more variables or quantities such as: information on the efficiency of one or more of the antennas, information on the isolation between the antennas, one or more operational factors of the apparatus for radio communication, and / or one or more performance metrics of the apparatus for radio communication. The specialist knows how to obtain and use such one or more variables or quantities. The following eighth, ninth, tenth, and eleventh embodiments are examples in which such one or more variables or quantities are obtained and used. Thus, the skilled artisan understands how the tuning instruction can be determined according to the so-called ones. or more variables or quantities, taking into account the characteristics of each tunable passive antenna, the interactions between the antennas, and the characteristics of the antenna tuning apparatus. The specified matrix is such that the impedance matrix seen by the radio device (5) approaches an arbitrary desired matrix. The specified matrix may for example be a diagonal matrix. The specialist understands that this overcomes the aforementioned limitations of the known techniques, because strong reflections are not present at both ends of each antenna link, so that losses in the antenna links are reduced, and because the impedance matrix seen by the radio device approaches an arbitrary desired matrix. The body of the user has an effect on the impedance matrix presented by the antenna array, and this impedance matrix depends on the position of the user's body. As mentioned above in the section on prior art, this is called "user interaction", or "hand effect" or "hand effect". finger effect "(in English:" finger effect "), as the effect of the body of the user on the impedance presented by a single antenna. Since the impedance matrix seen by the radio device can approach an arbitrary wanted matrix despite the user interaction, the invention compensates for the user interaction. The specialist understands that an optimum value of the reactance of each of the adjustable impedance devices of the antenna tuning device depends on the value of each of said parameters, and that, conversely, an optimum value of each of said Parameters depend on the value of the reactance of each of the adjustable impedance devices of the antenna tuner. The specialist sees that, as a result of this interaction, a method used to determine the tuning instruction is necessarily different from any method used in a state-of-the-art radio communication apparatus which would include a antenna tuning apparatus with multiple antenna access and multiple radio access but no tunable passive antenna, such as state-of-the-art radio communication apparatuses disclosed in said French patent application number 12/02564, in said international application number PCT / IB2013 / 058574, in said French patent application number 13/00878 or in said international application number PCT / IB2014 / 058933. According to the invention, a possible method would for example determine a coarse antenna tuning using a value of each of said parameters, and subsequently fine antenna tuning using a value of the reactance of each of the adjustable impedance devices of the antenna tuner. The specialist also sees that, because of this interaction, the requirements applicable to the antenna tuning apparatus (3) used in the invention may be easier to satisfy than the requirements applicable to a tuning device An antenna used in a state-of-the-art radio communication apparatus which would include a multiple antenna access antenna tuner and multiple radio access but no tunable passive antenna. For example, if said possible method is used, the antenna tuning apparatus (3) used in the invention is only used for fine tuning, so that the range of reactance values required for each of the devices Adjustable impedance of the antenna tuning apparatus is reduced, and better accuracy is achieved. In this first embodiment, n = m = 4. Thus, it is possible for n to be greater than or equal to 3, it is possible for n to be greater than or equal to 4, it is possible for m to be greater than or equal to 3. , and it is possible that m is greater than or equal to 4. In this first embodiment, the number of tunable passive antennas is equal to 4. Thus, it is possible that the number of tunable passive antennas is greater than or equal to 5 to 2, and it is possible that the number of tunable passive antennas is greater than or equal to 3. It is possible that the number of tunable passive antennas is equal to n. Second embodiment. The second embodiment of an apparatus according to the invention, given by way of non-limiting example, also corresponds to the portable device for radio communication shown in FIG. 5, and all the explanations provided for the first mode of communication. embodiment are applicable to this second embodiment. An antenna (11) used in this second embodiment is shown in FIG. 6. The other antennas (12) (13) (14) used in this second embodiment may be identical to the antenna shown in FIG. 6 The antenna shown in FIG. 6 is a tunable passive antenna comprising a plane metal structure (111) made above a ground plane (115), an antenna link connection point (116) where an asymmetric antenna link is connected to the metal structure, and an antenna control device (112). The metal structure is slotted and such that, if the antenna control device was not present, the antenna would be an example of the antenna called "planar inverted-F antenna" 20 or "PIFA". The antenna control device is a micro-electromechanical switch having a first terminal (113) connected to the metal structure (111) at a first side of the slot, and a second terminal (114) connected to the metal structure (111). ) in a second side of the slot. It is understood by those skilled in the art that the self-impedance of the antenna, in a given test pattern and at a given frequency, is a characteristic of the tunable passive antenna that can be varied using said control device. antenna, so that this characteristic is controlled using said antenna control device. The state of the micro-electromechanical switch (open or closed) is a parameter of the antenna control device that influences said characteristic. This parameter of the antenna control device is electrically adjustable, but the circuits and control links necessary to determine the state of the antenna control device are not shown in FIG. 6. Third Embodiment . The third embodiment of an apparatus according to the invention, given by way of non-limiting example, also corresponds to the portable device for radio communication shown in FIG. 5, and all the explanations provided for the first mode of communication. embodiment are applicable to this third embodiment. An antenna (11) used in this third embodiment is shown in Fig. 7. The other antennas (12) (13) (14) used in this third embodiment may be identical to the antenna shown in Fig. 6 or the antenna shown in FIG. 7. The antenna shown in FIG. 7 is a tunable passive antenna comprising a plane metal structure (111) made above a ground plane (115), a connection point antenna link (116) wherein an asymmetric antenna link is connected to a metal strip (117) between the ground plane and the metal structure, and three antenna control devices (112). Each of the antenna control devices is an adjustable impedance device having a reactance at a given frequency, having a first terminal (113) connected to the metal structure (111), and a second terminal (114) connected to the ground plane. (115). The skilled person understands that the self-impedance of the antenna, in a given test configuration and at the given frequency, is a characteristic of the tunable passive antenna that can be varied using said control devices. antenna, so that this characteristic is controlled using said antenna control devices. Each of the antenna control devices has a reactance at the given frequency, this reactance being a parameter of each of the antenna control devices, this parameter having an influence on said characteristic. This parameter of each of the antenna control devices is electrically adjustable, but the circuits and control links necessary to determine the reactance of each of the antenna control devices are not shown in Figure 7. Fourth mode of realization. The fourth embodiment of an apparatus according to the invention, given by way of non-limiting example, also corresponds to the portable device for radio communication 25 shown in FIG. 5, and all the explanations provided for the first mode of communication. embodiment are applicable to this fourth embodiment. An antenna (11) used in this fourth embodiment is shown in Fig. 8. The other antennas (12) (13) (14) used in this fourth embodiment may be identical to the antenna shown in Fig. 6 , or at the antenna shown in FIG. 7, or at the antenna shown in FIG. 8. The antenna (11) shown in FIG. 8 is a tunable passive antenna having a plane of symmetry orthogonal to the drawing. Thus, the antenna has a first half-antenna, on the left in FIG. 8, and a second half-antenna, on the right in FIG. 8. The antenna comprises a first terminal (118) where a first driver of a A symmetrical antenna link is connected to the first half antenna, and a second terminal (119) where a second conductor of the symmetrical antenna link is connected to the second half antenna. Each half-antenna has three segments and two antenna control devices (112). Each of the antenna control devices is an adjustable impedance device having a reactance at a given frequency, having a first terminal connected to a segment of a half-antenna, and a second terminal connected to another segment of that half-antenna. antenna. The skilled person understands that the self-impedance of the antenna, in a given test configuration and at the given frequency, is a characteristic of the tunable passive antenna that can be varied using said control devices. antenna, so that this characteristic is controlled using said antenna control devices. Each of the antenna control devices has a reactance at the given frequency, this reactance being a parameter of each of the antenna control devices, this parameter having an influence on said characteristic. This parameter of each of the antenna control devices is electrically adjustable, but the circuits and control links necessary to determine the reactance of each of the antenna control devices are not shown in Figure 8. Fifth mode of realization.
[0005] The fifth embodiment of an apparatus according to the invention, given by way of non-limiting example, also corresponds to the portable apparatus for radio communication shown in FIG. 5, and all the explanations provided for the first embodiment. are applicable to this fifth embodiment. An antenna (12) used in this fifth embodiment is shown in FIG. 9. The other antennas (11) (13) (14) used in this fifth embodiment may be identical to the antenna shown in FIG. 9 The antenna (12) shown in Fig. 9 is a tunable passive antenna having a main antenna (121), a parasitic antenna (122), an antenna link connection point (127) where an antenna link asymmetric (128) is connected to the main antenna and the ground (126), and an antenna control device (123). The antenna control device is an adjustable impedance device having a reactance at a given frequency, having a first terminal (124) connected to the parasitic antenna (122), and a second terminal (125) connected to ground ( 126). The skilled person understands that the directivity pattern of the antenna (12), in a given test pattern and at the given frequency, is a characteristic of the tunable passive antenna that can be varied using said antenna control, so that this characteristic is controlled using said antenna control device. The reactance of the antenna control device at the given frequency is a parameter of said antenna control device which influences said characteristic. This parameter of the antenna control device is adjustable by electrical means, but the circuits and control links necessary to determine the reactance of the antenna control device are not shown in FIG. 9. The antenna (12) could also include other parasitic antennas each coupled to an antenna control device.
[0006] Sixth embodiment. The sixth embodiment of an apparatus according to the invention, given by way of non-limiting example, also corresponds to the portable device for radio communication shown in FIG. 5, and all the explanations provided for the first embodiment. are applicable to this sixth embodiment. In this sixth embodiment, the antenna tuning apparatus (3) is an antenna tuning apparatus disclosed in said French patent application number 12/02542 and said international application PCT / IB2013 / 058423. Thus, the antenna tuning apparatus (3) is such that the reactance of any of the adjustable impedance devices of the antenna tuning apparatus has at said frequency in said frequency band given, if the impedance matrix seen by the antenna access is equal to a given diagonal impedance matrix, an influence on the impedance matrix presented by the radio access, and such as the reactance of at least one of the adjustable impedance devices of the An antenna tuning apparatus has, at said frequency in said given frequency band, whether the impedance matrix seen by the antenna access is equal to the given diagonal impedance matrix, an influence on at least one non-diagonal element of the matrix. impedance presented by radio access. This must be interpreted as meaning: the antenna tuning apparatus is such that, at said frequency in said given frequency band, there exists a diagonal impedance matrix called the given diagonal impedance matrix, the given diagonal impedance matrix being such that, if an impedance matrix seen by the antenna ports is equal to the given diagonal impedance matrix, then (a) the reactance of any of the adjustable impedance devices of the antenna tuner has an influence on an impedance matrix presented by the radio accesses, and (b) the reactance of at least one of the adjustable impedance devices of the antenna tuning apparatus has an influence on at least one non-diagonal element of the impedance matrix presented by the 25 radio accesses. In the two preceding sentences, "an influence" could be replaced by "an effect". The specialist understands that the antenna tuning apparatus (3) can not consist of a plurality of independent and uncoupled antenna tuning apparatuses each having a single antenna access and a single radio access, because in this case, if the impedance matrix 30 seen by the antenna access is equal to any diagonal impedance matrix, then the impedance matrix presented by the radio accesses is a diagonal matrix, whose non-diagonal elements can not be influenced by what whether it be. In addition, the antenna tuning apparatus (3) is such that, at said frequency in said given frequency band, if the impedance matrix seen by the antenna access is equal to a given non-diagonal impedance matrix, a The application (in the mathematical sense) that corresponds to the impedance matrix presented by the radio accesses to the reactants is defined, the application having, at a given value of each of the reactants, a partial derivative with respect to each of the reactants, a sub- the vector space generated by the p partial derivatives being defined in the set of square complex matrices of order m considered as a real vector space, any diagonal complex matrix of order m having the same diagonal elements as at least one element of the vector subspace generated by p partial derivatives. This should be interpreted as meaning: the antenna tuning apparatus is such that, at said frequency in said given frequency band, there exists a non-diagonal impedance matrix called the given non-diagonal impedance matrix, the non-diagonal impedance matrix given that, if an impedance matrix seen by the antenna access is equal to the given non-diagonal impedance matrix, then an application matching an impedance matrix presented by the radio accesses to the reactances is defined, the application having, at a given value of each of the reactants, a partial derivative with respect to each of the reactants, a vector subspace generated by the partial derivatives p being defined in the set of square complex matrices of order m considered as a real vector space , any diagonal complex matrix of order m having the same diagonal elements as at least one element of the subset vector space generated by the p partial derivatives. Therefore, it is possible to reduce the losses in the antenna links and simultaneously obtain that the impedance matrix seen by the radio device approaches an arbitrary sought value. Thus, the skilled person understands that any small variation in the matrix impedance of the antenna array, produced by a change of frequency of use or a change of the medium surrounding the antennas, can be at least partially compensated by a new adjustment of the antenna devices. antenna control and adjustable impedance devices of the antenna tuning apparatus. More generally, a specialist understands that, in order to obtain that any diagonal complex matrix of order m has the same diagonal elements as at least one element of the vector subspace generated by the p partial derivatives, it is necessary that the dimension of the subset the vector space generated by the p partial derivatives considered as a real vector space is greater than or equal to the dimension of the vector subspace of the diagonal complex matrices of order m considered as a real vector space. Since the dimension of the vector subspace generated by the p partial derivatives considered as a real vector space is less than or equal to p, and since the dimension of the vector subspace of the diagonal complex matrices of order m considered as a real vector space is equal to 2m, the necessary condition implies that p is an integer greater than or equal to 2m. This is why the requirement "p is an integer greater than or equal to 2 m" is an essential characteristic of the invention.
[0007] Seventh embodiment. The seventh embodiment of an apparatus according to the invention, given by way of non-limiting example, also corresponds to the portable device for radio communication shown in FIG. 5, and all the explanations provided for the first embodiment. and the sixth embodiment are applicable to this seventh embodiment. In addition, the antenna tuning apparatus (3) used in this seventh embodiment corresponds to the diagram shown in FIG. 4, and all the explanations given in FIG. 4 in the section on the state of the art. prior art are applicable to this seventh embodiment. It is possible that mutual induction exists between the windings (303). In this case, the inductance matrix of the windings is not a diagonal matrix. All of the adjustable impedance devices of the antenna tuner (301) (302) (304) (305) are electrically adjustable, but the circuits and control links necessary to determine the reactance of each of the Adjustable impedance devices of the antenna tuning apparatus are not shown in Fig. 4. In this seventh embodiment, we have n = m and we use p = m (m + 1) = 20 devices. with adjustable impedance of the antenna tuning apparatus. The specialist understands that, at a frequency at which the antenna tuning apparatus is intended to function, if the impedance matrix seen by the antenna access is a diagonal matrix having all its diagonal elements equal to 50 n, the reactance of any of the adjustable impedance devices of the antenna tuning apparatus influences the impedance matrix presented by the radio ports, and the reactance of at least one of the device's adjustable impedance devices. Antenna tuning has an influence on one or more non-diagonal elements of the impedance matrix presented by the radio accesses. As the impedance matrix seen by the antenna ports is a given symmetric complex matrix, it can be shown that, for suitable component values, the p partial derivatives defined above in the section on the sixth embodiment are linearly independent in the real vector space of the square complex matrices of order m, this vector space, denoted E, being of dimension 2m2. Thus, the vector subspace generated by the p partial derivatives in E is a vector subspace of dimension p equal to the set of symmetric complex matrices of order m. Here, any symmetric complex matrix of order m is an element of the vector subspace generated by the p partial derivatives. Consequently, every diagonal complex matrix of order m has the same diagonal elements as at least one element of the vector subspace generated by the p partial derivatives. The reactance of an adjustable impedance device of the antenna tuning apparatus may depend on the ambient temperature for certain types of adjustable impedance devices. Similarly, the said at least one parameter of an antenna control device may depend on the ambient temperature. The tuning control signals are determined according to the tuning instruction and as a function of the temperature, to compensate for the effect of the temperature on the reactance of at least one of the device's adjustable impedance devices. an antenna agreement and / or at least one of said parameters of at least one of said antenna control devices. A chord statement is generated periodically at the end of a chord sequence, and is valid until a next chord statement is generated at the end of a next chord sequence. The specialist understands that any small variation of the antenna array impedance matrix, produced by a change of frequency of use or a change of the medium surrounding the antennas, can be compensated by a new adjustment of the antenna control devices of the antennas. antennas, and by a new setting of the adjustable impedance devices of the antenna tuning device Thus, it is still possible to maintain low reflections and low losses in the antenna links, and simultaneously compensate the user interaction. If the adjustable impedance devices (302) each having a first terminal coupled to one of the antenna ports and a second terminal coupled to one of the antenna ports which is different from the antenna port to which the first terminal is coupled were not present in Figure 4, if the adjustable impedance devices (305) each having a first terminal coupled to one of the radio ports and a second terminal coupled to one of the radio ports which is different from the radio port to which the first terminal is coupled; were not present in Figure 4, and if mutual induction did not exist between the windings (303), then the antenna tuning apparatus (3) having n = 4 antenna access and m = 4 access radio would in fact be composed of n antenna tuning devices each having a single antenna access and a single radio access, these antenna tuning devices each having a single antenna access and a single radio access being independent and not c ouplés. In this case, the method according to the invention can become a method for radio communication with several antennas in a given frequency band, using a radio communication apparatus including n antennas, where n is an integer greater than or equal to 2, the method comprising the steps of: controlling one or more characteristics of at least one of the antennas, using at least one antenna control device, said at least one antenna control device being a part of said at least one of the antennas said at least one antenna control device having at least one parameter having an influence on said one or more characteristics, said at least one parameter being adjustable by electrical means; coupling said n antennas, directly or indirectly, to n antenna tuning apparatus, each of said antenna tuning apparatus having antenna access, radio access, and at least 2 adjustable impedance devices such as, at a frequency in said given frequency band, each of the adjustable impedance devices of said each of said antenna tuners has a reactance, the reactance of any of the adjustable impedance devices being electrically adjustable; generating a "tuning instruction", the tuning instruction having an effect on each of said parameters, the tuning instruction having an effect on the reactance of each of the adjustable impedance devices of the tuning apparatus of antenna. In this method, each of the antennas can be coupled, directly or indirectly, to one and only one of the antenna ports of the n antenna tuning devices.
[0008] An apparatus implementing this method is an apparatus for radio communication using several antennas in a given frequency band, the apparatus for radio communication comprising: n antennas, where n is an integer greater than or equal to 2, at least one passive antenna tunable being among the n antennas, said at least one tunable passive antenna comprising at least one antenna control device, one or more characteristics of said at least one tunable passive antenna being controlled using said at least one control device of antenna, said at least one antenna control device having at least one parameter having an influence said one or more characteristics, said at least one parameter being adjustable by electrical means; n antenna tuning apparatus, each of said antenna tuning apparatus having antenna access, radio access, and at least 2 adjustable impedance devices such that, at a frequency in said given frequency band, each adjustable impedance devices of said each of said antenna tuners having a reactance, the reactance of any of the adjustable impedance devices being electrically adjustable; a processing unit, the processing unit delivering a "tuning instruction"; a tuning control unit, the tuning control unit receiving the tuning instruction, the tuning control unit delivering a plurality of "tuning control signals", the tuning control signals according to the tuning instruction, the reactance of each of the adjustable impedance devices of the antenna tuning apparatus being mainly determined by one or more tuning control signals, each of said parameters primarily determined by one or more of the chord control signals.
[0009] Eighth embodiment. The eighth embodiment of an apparatus according to the invention, given by way of non-limiting example, is an apparatus for radio communication comprising a radio receiver implementing a method for radio reception with several antennas in a given frequency band. , the apparatus for radio communication including n antennas, where n is an integer greater than or equal to 2, the method comprising the following steps: controlling one or more characteristics of at least one of the antennas, using at least one control device antenna, said at least one antenna control device being a part of said at least one antenna, said at least one antenna control device having at least one parameter influencing said one or more characteristics said at least one parameter being adjustable by electric means; coupling said n antennas, directly or indirectly, to an antenna tuning apparatus having n antenna access, m radio access and adjustable impedance devices, where m is an integer greater than or equal to 2 and where p is a higher integer or equal to 2m, the adjustable impedance devices being referred to as the "adjustable impedance devices of the antenna tuning apparatus" and being such that, at a frequency in said given frequency band, each of the devices with adjustable impedance the antenna tuning apparatus has a reactance, the reactance of any of the adjustable impedance devices of the antenna tuning apparatus being electrically adjustable; processing a plurality of digital signals to estimate one or more representative quantities of a channel matrix; issuing a "tuning instruction", the tuning instruction being a function of said one or more representative quantities of a channel matrix, the tuning instruction having an effect on each of said parameters, the instruction agreeing having an effect on the reactance of each of the adjustable impedance devices of the antenna tuning apparatus. For example, as in said French patent application number 12/02564 and said international application number PCT / IB2013 / 058574, the method may be such that, each of the radio accesses delivering a signal, each of the digital signals is mainly determined by one and only one of the signals delivered by the radio accesses, and such that the channel matrix is a channel matrix between a plurality of signals transmitted by a transmitter and the m signals delivered by the radio accesses. For example, one or more representative amounts of a channel capacity may be calculated based on said representative quantities of a channel matrix, and the tuning instruction may be delivered based on said one or more representative quantities of a channel. 'a channel capacity. The method may be such that an adaptive process is implemented during one or more training sequences. A training sequence may include transmitting a plurality of quasi-orthogonal or orthogonal signals. The tuning instruction selected during the last completed training sequence is used for radio reception.
[0010] In this eighth embodiment, a method used to obtain a tuning instruction comprises the following steps: delivering a "first part of the tuning instruction", the first part of the tuning instruction being determined from a set of first parts of the tuning instruction stored in a look-up table ("lookup table" or "look-up table"), based on the frequencies used for radio communication with the antennas, the first part of the tuning instruction having an effect on each of said parameters; processing a plurality of digital signals to estimate one or more representative quantities of an existing channel matrix while the first portion of the tuning instruction is applied; issuing a "second part of the tuning instruction", the second part of the tuning instruction being a function of said one or more representative quantities of an existing channel matrix while the first part of the instruction tuning is applied, the second part of the tuning instruction having an effect on the reactance of each of the adjustable impedance devices of the antenna tuning apparatus. In this method, the tuning instruction consists of the first part of the tuning instruction and the second part of the tuning instruction. The first part of the tuning instruction is such that the reflections have a high probability of being reduced in each of the antenna links. The second part of the tuning instruction is selected from a set of possible second parts of the tuning instruction, such as the one that produces the largest channel capacity. Ninth embodiment. The ninth embodiment of an apparatus according to the invention, given by way of nonlimiting example, is an apparatus for radio communication comprising a radio transmitter implementing a method for radio transmission with several antennas in a given frequency band. , the apparatus for radio communication including n antennas, where n is an integer greater than or equal to 2, the method comprising the following steps: controlling one or more characteristics of at least one of the antennas, using at least one control device antenna, said at least one antenna control device being a part of said at least one antenna, said at least one antenna control device having at least one parameter influencing said one or more characteristics said at least one parameter being adjustable by electric means; coupling said n antennas, directly or indirectly, to an antenna tuning apparatus having n antenna access, m radio access and adjustable impedance devices, where m is an integer greater than or equal to 2 and where p is a higher integer or equal to 2m, the adjustable impedance devices being referred to as the "adjustable impedance devices of the antenna tuning apparatus" and being such that, at a frequency in said given frequency band, each of the impedance devices adjustable from the antenna tuning apparatus has a reactance, the reactance of any of the adjustable impedance devices of the antenna tuning apparatus being electrically adjustable; estimating q actual quantities dependent on an impedance matrix presented by the radio accesses, where q is an integer greater than or equal to m, using at least m different excitations successively applied to the radio accesses; issuing a "tuning instruction", the tuning instruction being a function of said q real quantities dependent on an impedance matrix presented by the radio accesses, the tuning instruction having an effect on each of said parameters, the tuning instruction having an effect on the reactance of each of the adjustable impedance devices of the antenna tuning apparatus. The specialist understands that this ninth embodiment uses certain aspects of the technique disclosed in said French patent application number 13/00878 and said international application number PCT / IB2014 / 058933. In this ninth embodiment, for each of said n antennas, the signal access of the antenna is indirectly coupled to one and only one of the antenna accesses of the antenna tuning apparatus, through a link of antenna and through a directional coupler used to determine one or more amounts dependent on reflected waves and / or incident waves in the antenna link. One method used to obtain a tuning instruction comprises the steps of: estimating, for each of the antenna links, one or more amounts dependent on the reflected waves and / or incident waves in said each of the antenna links; to deliver a "first part of the tuning instruction", the first part of the tuning instruction being a function of said reflected wave dependent quantities and / or incident waves in each of the antenna links, the first part of the chord instruction having an effect on each of said parameters; estimate q actual quantities dependent on an impedance matrix presented by the radio access, where q is an integer greater than or equal to m, while the first part of the tuning instruction is applied, using at least m different excitations applied successively to radio access; issuing a "second part of the tuning instruction", the second part of the tuning instruction being a function of the said q real quantities dependent on an impedance matrix presented by the radio accesses, the second part of the tuning instruction tuning instruction having an effect on the reactance of each of the adjustable impedance devices of the antenna tuning apparatus. In this method, the tuning instruction consists of the first part of the tuning instruction and the second part of the tuning instruction. The first part of the tuning instruction is such that the reflections are reduced in each of the antenna links. The second part of the tuning instruction is such that the impedance matrix presented by the radio accesses is close to a specified matrix. Therefore, it is possible to reduce the losses in the antenna links and simultaneously obtain that the impedance matrix seen by the radio device approaches an arbitrary sought value. Tenth embodiment. According to a tenth embodiment of an apparatus according to the invention, given by way of non-limiting example, we have shown in FIG. 10 the block diagram of a portable device for radio communication, the apparatus for radio communication being a transceiver comprising: n = 4 antennas (11) (12) (13) (14), the n antennas operating simultaneously in a given frequency band, the n antennas forming an antenna array (1 ), each of the antennas being a tunable passive antenna having at least one antenna control device, one or more characteristics of said tunable passive antenna being controlled using said at least one antenna control device, said at least one antenna control device having at least one parameter having an effect on said one or more characteristics, said at least one parameter being adjustable by electrical means; A radio device (5) which consists of all parts of the radio communication apparatus which are not shown elsewhere in Figure 10; a sensor unit (8) estimating a plurality of location variables; an antenna tuning apparatus (3), the antenna tuning apparatus being an antenna tuning apparatus with multiple antenna access and multiple radio access, the antenna tuning apparatus comprising n = 4 antenna access (311) (321) (331) (341), each of the antenna ports being coupled to one of the antennas through an antenna link (21) (22) (23) (24), an antenna tuning apparatus having m = 4 radio accesses (312) (322) (332) (342), each radio access being coupled to the radio device (5) through an interconnection (41) (42) (43); ) (44), the antenna tuning apparatus having adjustable impedance devices, where p is an integer greater than or equal to 2m, the adjustable impedance devices being referred to as "adjustable impedance devices of the "Antenna tuning" and being such that, at a frequency in said given frequency band, each of the adjustable impedance devices of the antenna tuner has a reactance, the reactance of any of the adjustable impedance devices of the antenna tuning apparatus being electrically adjustable; a tuning control unit (7), the tuning control unit receiving a "tuning instruction" automatically generated inside the radio communication apparatus, the tuning control unit outputting a plurality of "tuning control signals" to the antenna tuner and each of the tunable passive antennas, the tuning control signals being determined according to the tuning instruction, the reactance each of the adjustable impedance devices of the antenna tuning apparatus being primarily determined by one or more tuning control signals, each of said parameters being primarily determined by one or more tuning control signals . The sensor unit (8) estimates a plurality of location variables each depending, in a given usage pattern, on the distance between a portion of a human body and an area of the radio communication apparatus. Each of said zones may be a part of the space occupied by the corresponding sensor, this space being inside the space occupied by the radio communication apparatus, so that in this case each of said zones has a volume well below the volume of the device for radio communication. For each of the antennas, at least one of the location variables may depend on the distance between a portion of a human body and a small area near said each of the antennas. If a suitable sensor is used, said area may be a point, or substantially a point. For example, at least one of the location variables may be an output of a pressure sensitive sensor exerted by a portion of a human body. For example, at least one of the location variables may be an output of a proximity sensor The sensor unit (8) evaluates (or equivalently estimates) a plurality of location variables each depending on given usage pattern, the distance between a portion of a human body and an area of the radio communication apparatus. However, it is possible that one or more other location variables each depending, in a given usage pattern, on the distance between a portion of a human body and an area of the radio communication apparatus, are not estimated by the sensor unit. For example, at least one of the location variables can be determined by a change of state of an output of a touch screen Thus, the sensor unit (8) can be considered as part of a location unit which estimates (or evaluates) a plurality of location variables each dependent on the distance between a portion of a human body and an area of the radio communication apparatus. This part of the locator unit may be the entire locator unit. The tuning instruction is generated automatically inside the radio device (5). More precisely, the radio device (5) comprises a processing unit (not appearing in FIG. 10) which delivers the tuning instruction, each of the location variables having an influence on the tuning instruction. For example, the chord instruction can be determined from a set of chord instructions stored in a look-up table in the processing unit, based on location variables and frequencies. used for radio communication with antennas (11) (12) (13) (14).
[0011] The specialist understands that this tenth embodiment uses certain aspects of the technique disclosed in the French patent application number 14/00606 entitled "Radio communication using multiple antennas and location variables". Eleventh embodiment. The eleventh embodiment of an apparatus according to the invention, given by way of nonlimiting example, also corresponds to the portable apparatus for radio communication shown in FIG. 10, and all the explanations provided for the tenth mode of operation. embodiment are applicable to this eleventh embodiment. In this eleventh embodiment, the tuning instruction is determined according to: location variables, each of the location variables having an influence on the tuning instruction; frequencies used for radio communication with antennas; one or more additional variables, each of the additional variables being an element of a set of additional variables, the elements of the set of additional variables including: communication type variables which indicate whether a radio communication session is a voice communication session, a data communication session or other type of communication session; a hands-free activation indicator; a loudspeaker activation indicator; variables obtained using one or more accelerometers; user identity variables that depend on the identity of the current user; reception quality variables which include, for example, the representative quantities of a channel matrix of the eighth embodiment; and antenna variables which include, for example, the actual quantities dependent on an impedance matrix presented by the radio accesses of the ninth embodiment. The elements of said set of additional variables may furthermore comprise one or more variables which are different from the location variables and which characterize the manner in which a user holds the apparatus for radio communication. In this eleventh embodiment, the tuning instruction can for example be determined using a lookup table made in the processing unit. Based on the teachings of U.S. Patent No. 8,204,446 entitled "Adaptive Antenna Tuning Systems and Methods", the specialist understands that the antenna tuning obtained in this eleventh embodiment may be more accurate. an antenna tuning in which the tuning instruction is only a function of the location variables. The specialist also understands that the antenna tuning obtained in this eleventh embodiment can be simultaneously accurate and that the tuning instruction is generated quickly and without requiring a large computing resource. INDICATIONS ON INDUSTRIAL APPLICATIONS The invention is adapted to radio communication using multiple antennas. Thus, the invention is adapted to MIMO radio communication. The radio communication apparatus may be a MIMO radio communication apparatus, i.e. a MIMO radio reception apparatus and / or a MIMO radio transmission apparatus. The invention provides the best possible characteristics by using very close antennas, thus having a strong interaction between the antennas. The invention is therefore particularly suitable for mobile devices for radio communication, for example mobile phones, digital tablets and laptops.

权利要求:
Claims (10)
[0001]
REVENDICATIONS1. A method for radio communication with a plurality of antennas (11) (12) (13) (14) in a given frequency band, the method using a radio communication apparatus including n antennas, where n is an integer greater than or equal to 2, the method comprising the steps of: controlling one or more characteristics of at least one of the antennas, using at least one antenna control device, said at least one antenna control device being a part of said at least one of antennas, said at least one antenna control device having at least one parameter having an influence on said one or more characteristics, said at least one parameter being adjustable by electrical means; coupling said n antennas, directly or indirectly, to an antenna tuning apparatus (3) having n antenna access, m radio access and p devices with adjustable impedance, where m is an integer greater than or equal to 2 and where p is an integer greater than or equal to 2m, the adjustable impedance p devices being referred to as the "adjustable impedance devices of the antenna tuning apparatus" and being such that, at a frequency in said given frequency band, each adjustable impedance devices of the antenna tuning apparatus have a reactance, the reactance of any of the adjustable impedance devices of the antenna tuning apparatus being electrically adjustable; generating a "tuning instruction", the tuning instruction having an effect on each of said parameters, the tuning instruction having an effect on the reactance of each of the tunable impedance devices of the tuning apparatus antenna.
[0002]
The method for radio communication according to claim 1, wherein at least one of the antenna control devices is an electrically controlled switch or switch.
[0003]
The method for radio communication according to claim 1, wherein at least one of the antenna control devices is an adjustable impedance device.
[0004]
The method for radio communication according to claim 1, wherein at least one of the antenna control devices is an actuator arranged to produce a mechanical deformation of one of the antennas.
[0005]
5. Apparatus for radio communication using multiple antennas in a given frequency band, the apparatus for radio communication comprising: n antennas (11) (12) (13) (14), where n is an integer greater than or equal to 2, at least one tunable passive antenna being among the n antennas, said at least one tunable passive antenna comprising at least one antenna control device, one or more characteristics of said at least one tunable passive antenna being controlled using said at least one device antenna control device, said at least one antenna control device having at least one parameter having an influence on said one or more characteristics, said at least one parameter being adjustable by electrical means; an antenna tuning apparatus (3) having n antenna access, m radio access and p adjustable impedance devices, where m is an integer greater than or equal to 2 and where p is an integer greater than or equal to 2m, the p adjustable impedance devices being referred to as the "adjustable impedance devices of the antenna tuning apparatus" and being such that, at a frequency in said given frequency band, each of the device's adjustable impedance devices an antenna tuning has a reactance, the reactance of any of the adjustable impedance devices of the antenna tuning apparatus being electrically adjustable; a processing unit, the processing unit delivering a "tuning instruction"; a tuning control unit (7), the tuning control unit receiving the tuning instruction, the tuning control unit delivering a plurality of "tuning control signals", the signals tuning control being determined according to the tuning instruction, the reactance of each of the tunable impedance devices of the antenna tuning apparatus being mainly determined by one or more tuning control signals each of said parameters being primarily determined by one or more of the tuning control signals.
[0006]
An apparatus for radio communication according to claim 5, wherein the antenna tuning apparatus (3) is such that at said frequency in said given frequency band there is a diagonal impedance matrix called the diagonal impedance matrix. given, the given diagonal impedance matrix being such that, if an impedance matrix seen by the antenna access is equal to the given diagonal impedance matrix, then the reactance of any of the adjustable impedance devices of the tuning device d Antenna influences an impedance matrix presented by radio accesses.
[0007]
An apparatus for radio communication according to claim 6, wherein the antenna tuning apparatus (3) is such that, at said frequency in said given frequency band, if the impedance matrix seen by the antenna access is equal at the given diagonal impedance matrix, then the reactance of at least one of the adjustable impedance devices of the antenna tuning apparatus has an influence on at least one non-diagonal element of the impedance matrix presented by the radio accesses.
[0008]
An apparatus for radio communication according to claim 5, wherein the antenna tuning apparatus (3) is composed of n antenna tuning devices each having a single antenna access and a single radio access, the apparatuses antenna tuning each having a single antenna access and a single radio access being independent and uncoupled.
[0009]
An apparatus for radio communication according to claim 5, wherein the radio communication apparatus comprises a radio receiver, the tuning command being a function of one or more representative quantities of a channel matrix.
[0010]
An apparatus for radio communication according to claim 5, wherein the apparatus for radio communication comprises a radio transmitter, the tuning instruction being a function of 10 q real quantities dependent on an impedance matrix presented by the radio accesses, where q is an integer greater than or equal to m.

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同族专利:

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公开号 | 公开日

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EP3120457A1|2017-01-25|

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KR20160135812A|2016-11-28|

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US9680510B2|2017-06-13|

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FR3018973B1|2018-05-25|

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CN106464226A|2017-02-22|

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US20160043751A1|2016-02-11|

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WO2015140660A1|2015-09-24|

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CN106464226B|2019-04-12|

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KR102281790B1|2021-07-26|

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法律状态:
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2016-02-19| PLFP| Fee payment|Year of fee payment: 3 |

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2016-04-01| TP| Transmission of property|Owner name: SAMSUNG ELECTRONICS CO., LTD., KR Effective date: 20160226 |

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2022-02-23| PLFP| Fee payment|Year of fee payment: 9 |

优先权:

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申请号 | 申请日 | 专利标题

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FR1400666|2014-03-20|

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FR1400666A|FR3018973B1|2014-03-20|2014-03-20|RADIO COMMUNICATION USING TUNABLE ANTENNAS AND ANTENNA TUNING APPARATUS|FR1400666A| FR3018973B1|2014-03-20|2014-03-20|RADIO COMMUNICATION USING TUNABLE ANTENNAS AND ANTENNA TUNING APPARATUS|

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PCT/IB2015/051644| WO2015140660A1|2014-03-20|2015-03-06|Radio communication using tunable antennas and an antenna tuning apparatus|

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KR1020167029358A| KR102281790B1|2014-03-20|2015-03-06|Radio communication using tunable antennas and an antenna tuning apparatus|

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EP15714940.2A| EP3120457A1|2014-03-20|2015-03-06|Radio communication using tunable antennas and an antenna tuning apparatus|

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US14/918,055| US9680510B2|2014-03-20|2015-10-20|Radio communication using tunable antennas and an antenna tuning apparatus|